The first human heart transplant was performed in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. The following year, the first infant heart transplant was performed in New York. This transplant was unsuccessful. Many years later, in 1984, Dr. Leonard Bailey transplanted a baboon heart into a new baby with hypoplastic left heart syndrome at Loma Linda in California. This procedure captured world-wide attention and inspired research and innovation into pediatric heart transplant.
Now, heart transplants are done successfully in children from as early as 36 weeks gestation. The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto pioneered ABO-incompatible transplant for infants in 1996, which has helped to address the problem of organ donor crisis for infants.